ولد الذوادي 17
19-03-2007, 08:03 PM
هذي تقارير انج 105
1) For and against
Basic tips:
1) Try to write 4 paragraphs. An introduction, advantages, disadvantages, and a conclusion.
2) Try to point out an equal number of advantages and disadvantages.
3) Link sentences with linking words (In the first place, …. - To begin with, … - In addition, ….. - What is more, … - Furthermore, … – Then, there is …. – Finally, …. – Last but not least, …)
4) Use indentation (Leave a space in the beginning of each paragraph)
5) You can use contrasting expressions to compare one point to another like:
Although / In spite of the fact that / While “It is expensive” , “it is very low in quality”
Or
“It is very expensive”. However / Nevertheless / On the other hand / In spite of this, “it is very low in quality”
Examples:
A. Keeping animals in zoos
Keeping animals in zoos has many advantages and disadvantages.
One of the most obvious advantages of keeping animals in zoos is that animals are looked after when they are sick. This can give them the best of care and also protect them from diseases. In addition to that, it’s a place where people can see and learn about animals. Finally, it can be a good place for scientists to study animals and their needs, so that they can protect them becoming extinct.
On the other hand, keeping animals in zoos has a lot of disadvantages. First of all, they are prevented from their freedom, which can cause them to be unhappy and uncomfortable. Furthermore, animals are usually forced to do silly tricks to entertain visitors of the zoo, and that might cause them discomfort. Last but not least, keeping animals in zoos can disturb the natural balance of wildlife.
In conclusion, keeping animals in zoos can be the best way to study them and save them from becoming extinct by breeding programs. However, it would be better to keep them in wild protected areas, and study them there.
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B. Owning a television
Many people like watching television and spend hours sitting watching that small screen. However this has both advantages and disadvantages.
One of the obvious advantages of having a television is that it offers cheap and convenient entertainment which nearly everyone can afford. This is especially important for people who are alone all day or for large families who can’t afford to go out to cinemas. What is more, television can have a serious educational side and there are plenty of good current affairs programmes which are very informative.
On the other hand, having a television can have certain disadvantages. While it is good to have such cheap and convenient entertainment in your own living room, it may also mean the end of reading and conversation for large parts of the evening. Furthermore, although there are many good programmes on television, there is often too much blood and violence on screen. This can be especially harmful for children.
All in all, I think that having a television is important and watching it is useful if one knows how, when and what to watch.
C. Studying abroad
When you want to be different in your family you should do something different also. So when you also want to be the best one of them you should look after your study.
One of the most important things that you must take care of is your future. So you should try to build a good one by studying in good places. I hope that my brothers and I study in the best places. People always think that studying abroad is a good way to start our lives. However, it has some advantages and disadvantages.
Let’s look at the dark side first. When you are in a different country you might be affected by the culture there. Also, you will find yourself in a place that you can’t get along with at first. This means that you will have to hold a lot of responsibilities. Furthermore, you will be far away from your family and you will feel lonely.
However, studying abroad has a lot of advantages. In the first place, schools in other countries teach students in a better way than ours’ do. In addition to that, they give students a higher certificate. Last but not least, studying abroad gives the student time to learn different things like housekeeping for example.
Finally, we can say that studying abroad is a good way to improve our language and education. But in the same time it can affect our tradition and culture.
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D. Traveling abroad (Ahmed Al-Khaja)
Many people travel abroad for several reasons. Some prefer not to do so. Personally, I believe traveling abroad has both advantages and disadvantages.
One of the most obvious advantages of traveling abroad is that it introduces new cultures and gets you to know the customs and traditions of other nations. Furthermore, traveling abroad is a great mean of leisure and entertainment. Finally, by traveling abroad you can receive education by entering courses in high reputable universities and institutes.
On the other hand, traveling abroad can have many disadvantages. First of all, it can cause you to get affected by other cultures and forget your own. What is more, you can face very risky situations while being abroad. Being foreign to the country, you might find it difficult to escape these situations. Last but not least, many people have a tendency to spend too much money when being abroad. When they return home, they might face financial problems because of this behaviour.
In conclusion, traveling abroad might be of benefit to the traveler, but it also might cause him misery. I think the kind of person the traveler is determines whether traveling abroad is good or bad for him.
E. Owning a mobile phone
One of the most important developments in the field of telecommunication is the mobile phone. I believe the mobile phone has both advantages and disadvantages.
We are now in the 21st century, and it is necessary to contact with other sides of the world. The mobile phone makes this easy. All my family and I have got a mobile phone. Furthermore, the mobile phone can help one get out of risky situations. Finally, the mobile is small and easy to carry.
On the other hand, owning a mobile phone can cost a lot of money. In addition to that, it can also cause one’s body harm if he uses it too much. Last but not least, mobiles can be annoying if the network isn’t very strong.
Owning a mobile phone in this age has become very essential. However one should control himself and only use it for important calls.
F. Owning a car
Every family has one or two cars or two nowadays. But, owning a car has both advantages and disadvantages.
One of the most obvious advantages of owning a car is that a car allows people to move around freely. Furthermore, there is no need to wait for a bus or a taxi, so it saves time. Moreover, owning a car is a comfortable way to travel. Especially in the winter. It can protect you from standing under the rain or in the cold. Last but not least, a car makes your life safer. You will not need to walk down a dark street to wait for a bus or take a taxi.
On the other hand, owning a car has a lot of disadvantages. First of all, owning a car can be very expensive. As well, the fuel costs a lot and a car is expensive to maintain. Although it allows people to more around freely, it is very exhausting to drive in rush hour traffics. Moreover, it causes death to many people every day. Finally, if you leave your car in the street it might get stolen.
Although owning a car has some disadvantages, it has more important advantages. Therefore, I think it is very important nowadays to own a car.
G. Living in a big family (Ali )
It is known that people in the past used to have big families. They took it as an advantage. However, nowadays, people think it has some disadvantages.
One of the most obvious advantages of having a big family is that you can never be alone (isolated) or feel bored. Therefore, you will always fell safe and secure. Furthermore, brothers and sisters can help each other in education. They can exchange some of their experiences. Moreover, they support each other when they face a problem. What’s more, if the children grew up and worked, they may help their parents financially. More than that, children can wear each other’s clothes or play with each other’s toys.
On the other hand, having a big family has its disadvantages. In the first place, it may be difficult for the parents to control them and provide them with sufficient food, clothing and education expenses. Moreover, they won’t be able to go out a lot, because it will cost too much. For instance, if you decided to go to the cinema, it will cost at least BD 2 for each one. Added to that, having a big family means a lot of fighting. Everyone wants to watch a different program and eat a different meal …etc. That means their needs will increase.
Finally, is having a big family good or bad? In my case, living in a normal family is the perfect thing for me.
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H. Living in a city or in a country? (From Noor Altawheed)
A lot of people want to live in a city, so some of them moved from the country to the city looking for better chances. But still there are some people who prefer to live in a country. So is it better to live in a city or in a country?
First, let’s talk about living in a city. It’s preferred as a place to live in because it shows you a variety of people, races and cultures. Also, it’s more exiting with its movies, theatres and restaurants. Then, there are lots of interesting shops, which make your shopping great and comfortable. Finally, the most important advantage is that it gives you more job opportunities.
On the other hand, some people don’t prefer to live in the city because it has a lot of drawbacks. One of them is the traffic jams and parking problems. Also, the polluted air, which affects our health. In addition, living there is so expensive. Furthermore, the shops are always crowded, so that makes us worried. The most important thing is that living there can be more dangerous because there are so many crimes.
Now, we’ll take about living in a country. Life in the country is very peaceful and quite. The people are so friendly and kind. Then, there is the fresh air, which comforts us. You live there with out pollution, noise, stress or crimes.
From anther way, living in the country can has its disadvantages. One of them is that you’ll be isolated from the outer world and away from modern life. Then there are less jobs, schools and hospitals, because off all these, we see that the education and health levels are so low.
In my point of view, I think I prefer living in the city to be close to the modern technology, and visiting the country is just for talking rest and change.
2) Writing a balanced Report
Basic tips:
1) Start a new section for each topic.
2) Start the section by writing its’ heading underlined
3) Write in a formal style.
4) Use connecting words (Therefore – so – because – although – however – in spite of – nevertheless – despite – as – but – beside – apart from)
5) Write both positive and negative sides.
6) Use the present simple form (They are – it is ……etc.)
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Examples
A. (By )
REPORT
To: Mr. Gary Rees
From: Ali Shubbar
Subject: Cape Side High School
I visited Cape side high School and was quite impressed by the school and by the environment.
The school: This is made up of three buildings linked together. Pitches and courts are found there. Although the classes are dirty and not airy, they are big. There is a fully equipped computer center in the second building, and a quite stocked library.
Staff: Those we met seemed very friendly and efficient. All are well qualified, and the examination results are semi-excellent.
Laboratories & Gymnasium: Labs are not fully equipped. Lots of materials are not available. The gym is fully equipped with three playgrounds for different games.
Environment: This is a busy housing and school area, but with the policemen everything is going just the way it should be to stop the crowd.
Conclusion: This school would be an ideal place for a holiday course. However, the classes must be cleaned and the labs must be fully equipped.
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B. (From the book)
Report
To: Mrs. Money
From: Anna Springfield
Subject: Hot Dollar Country Club
I visited the Hot Dollar country club last might and was quite impressed by what I saw, although with certain reservations.
The building: This is a large country house with tasteful decorations and fittings. Downstairs, there is a large lounge with an open log fire, a café, restaurant and games room. Upstairs, there are bedrooms and a well stocked library.
The restaurant: The food is of a high standard although prices are very high. The choice of vegetarian dishes is rather limited.
The café and the games room: Excellent, the music in the café is varied up-to-date. As for the staff, they are patient and efficient.
The gardens: I found the lawns and gardens beautiful. Some of the paths are rather steep, however, especially for older club members.
Conclusion: All together, I was impressed by the club. I feel it is a suitable place to entertain our clients and definitely recommend it. However, I think we should speak to the owner on the subject of vegetarian meals and better paths for older members.
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3) Transactional letter – Applying for holiday jobs
Basic tips:
1) Start each paragraph on a new line with indentation.
2) The style should be not too formal and not too informal.
3) Try to use the following sequence in your ideas:
a. Opening ( Introduction and reason for writing)
b. Why you want the job.
c. Age and experience
d. Request for information
e. Ending (Photos and offer of references)
4) Use the layout shown in the examples
Useful expressions:
I saw your advertisement in …..
I would like to apply for a job as ……
I would like to know more about ……
Please could you send me details about ……
Could you please let me know ……
I am sending a photograph / a reference as requested.
I can come for an interview at any time.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Examples:
A. By Soso
PO box 133
Manama
Bahrain
5/11/2002
Dear Sir,
I am writing this letter to ask you about your advertisement which you put in the newspaper last week.
I liked this job because I have always dreamt of spending a summer holiday in a camp. I like sports and entertainment.
I am 17 years old, I like *****ng and I feel that working with you is a good chance to create more friendships.
I am from Bahrain and my holiday lasts until the 3rd of September.
Could you please let me know how much you will give me, and where we will stay ((send me a photo if possible)). Also, I want to know about the activities that could be done after the work hours ((at night)).
I will be very thankful if you reply as soon as possible.
Yours faithfully,
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P.O. Box 222,
Manama,
Bahrain
Nov 2, 2002
Dear Sir/Madam,
I saw your advertisement in the paper and am very interested in helping for the camps.
I’m a student and like to have fun. I enjoy being with young people. Working with you would be an ideal chance (opportunity) to spend some time outdoors (abroad).
I’m 16 years old and very fit. Although I’ve never helped in camping before, I have helped in a Fête and I’m used to working hard. I can organize sports and entertainments.
Could you please let me know how many hours I’m going to work and how modest the accommodation is? I would also like to know what kind of sports I’m going to organize, and if it is necessary to know how to ****.
Here I enclose a photo as requested. My last employer will be happy to write me a reference if you so wish.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully (sincerely),
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4) A formal letter
Basic tips:
1) Use the layout shown in the examples.
2) The style must be formal.
3) Do NOT use contradictions (He’s , I’d …)
4) Address strangers by Sir/Madam.
5) Use paragraphs, but without indentation.
6) When describing use the following sequence:
Size à colour à pattern à material à article à additional information
7) Use commas to divide groups of words in a sentence or separate items in a list.
Useful expressions:
Thank you for your letter of ….
I am writing in reply to …..
I am writing to inform you of ….
to complain about …..
to enquire about …..
to apply for …….
for more information about …..
I would be grateful if you could / would …..
Could you possibly ……
I would be grateful if you would …..
I look forward to hearing from you / meeting you very soon.
Examples:
A. A letter of complaint ()
P.O. Box 1294
Manama,
Bahrain
October 3, 2002
SONY, Ashraf
P.O. Box ….
Manama,
Bahrain
Dear Sir / Madam,
I am writing to complain about a videocassette recorder (VCR) which I bought from your store in the SALE two weeks ago. I tried the sample VCR for flaws and checked how it worked. When I got to the cashier, however, the assistant got me a packed one, and assured me it was perfect.
I was very happy about buying the VCR; I switched on the power and played the cassette. Suddenly, the cassette got stuck. Added to that, I lost the cassette because it was torn inside the VCR.
As you will understand, I was extremely upset when this happened. Although I bought the VCR in the SALE, it cost a lot. Moreover, I only bought it from you because of your reputation for perfect quality. In fact, I have always recommended your store to friends in the past. I shall think twice before I do so again.
Here I enclose the VCR with this letter and look forward to receiving an apology and a full refund of the cost BD 200 or a replacement for the VCR.
I look forward to hearing from you,
Yours faithfully,
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P.O. Box 222
Manama,
Bahrain
Oct 20 2002
ZARA,
Seef Mall,
Seef,
Bahrain
Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m writing to ask if anybody has handed in a car key, which I think I lost in your store last Wednesday evening. I put it on the cashier counter to pay the money, and then probably left it there.
It is a BMW car key, with a rectangle shape and the BMW’s slogan. I am desperate to find it because I can’t start my car without it, and it is the only spare one with remote control.
Please could you let me know if anybody has handed in a car key of this description, and if it would be possible to call me on 222222 so I can come and pick it up.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
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5) Writing a narrative
Basic tips:
1) Try using the following sequence:
a. Introduction (Background – Who? – Where? – When?)
b. The beginning of the story
c. The cause of the accident / situation
d. Your feeling while the accident.
e. The end of the story (The solution)
f. Conclusion
2) Make the beginning unusual or dramatic.
3) Make sure the events follow each other logically.
4) Start a new paragraph for each new stage of the story and use indentation.
5) Leave gaps between paragraphs
6) Use linking words (In the beginning – after that – a few seconds later – a while later – in the end)
Tenses Used:
Past continuous( was …ing): to describe what was happening at the same time as the main event began.
Past Perfect (had done / had been doing): to show one action was finished before another began.
Past Simple: to describe what happened after the main event began OR to list a sequence of separate events.
Examples:
a. Frightening story (From Noor Altawheed)
Last night while I was sleeping in my room, all my family was sleeping also, and the house was quiet. Suddenly, I woke up when I heard a loud noise coming from the kitchen.
It was about two o’clock in the morning, so I got up frightened and walked slowly towards the door. I opened it quietly, that was when I saw my parents crossing the hall to the kitchen. So I followed them. But when they heard my footsteps my mother shouted.
Quickly I answered her: “Mum”, she stopped shouting and held my hand. After that, we continued walking until we were in front of the kitchen door. My father opened it. We saw a body lying on the floor and the blood was covering the entire place. My mother and I started shouting and screaming until my mother lost her conscious. Then the body stood up and laughed loudly. He was just my brother Hussain and he was joking with us!
After minutes, my mother woke up and asked what was going on. When she knew that he was just my brother, she became extremely angry and punished him.
I was so happy for that!
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b. Scary story (By Ali )
Sometimes the simplest things, for example, a box of matches can cause a serious accident in the house. I was 6 years old. I returned home from school to our house in Essa Town. I greeted my mother. I went upstairs to have some rest until my father came back and until lunch was ready.
My mother had to go to go to the super market to get some *****ng oil. It wasn't far away. Only 10 minutes away from our house. I had a sore throat that day, so my mother decided to leave me home while she went to the supermarket to buy the oil. I was playing with my toy in the hall near the kitchen, got a box of matches from a drawer and lit a match and put it too close to my toy. In a second, the toy caught fire and it moved to my clothes.
My brother found me screaming, in great pain. He got a big towel from the bathroom, wetted it with some water very quickly and wrapped me with it put the fire out. Then he called the ambulance. The ambulance came in 10 minutes. I was badly hurt. They handled me, and they put some bandages on my hand. I thanked god that I stayed alive.
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6) Describing festivals and ceremonies
Basic tips:
1) Describe every one or two aspects of the festival in a separate paragraph.
2) Use plenty of adjectives and adverbs.
3) Use the passive to describe preparations and celebrations.
4) Use the present simple to describe activities.
5) When making notes uses headings such as:
Name of festival: Where, when, why it is celebrated
Preparations:
Costumes:
Food:
The day’s events:
Evening activities:
Events for the children:
Other details:
Examples:
a. Eid Ul-Adhu (Taliba Alnoor)
Eid _ul-Adha is celebrated throughout the Muslim world as a commemoration of Prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son Ismail for God. Eid-ul-Adha is celebrated on the tenth day of the month of Thul-Hijja. Sheep and goat are killed as a reminder of the sheep God provided as a substitute for Ismail, and the meat is shared with the poor.
Preparations being a few days earlier, new clothes are bought and special Arabic coffee is prepared. Delicious traditional sweets such as halwa and rahash are bought. Streets are decorated with beautiful and shining lights.
On the morning of the festival, children go to neighbours to take the "Eideyya'. The family members visit each other. In the afternoon, a special meal, called "Machboos" is *****d and served when the family gathers. Late in the afternoon, children go to the seaside to celebrate the "Heyya Beyya" which is a small plant grown in a small basket for children. They throw it in the sea with a wish to reach the Holy City of Mecca.
Eid-ul-Adha is surely one of the most enjoyable festivals of the year and everybody, especially the children, looks forward to its return.
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The most nation wide events in Bahrain are the National day and the Coronation day. They are held all over Bahrain each year on 16, 17 December. The idea started when Bahrain became independent in 1971 and the late Emir Sheikh Isa held the throne.
Preparations begin weeks before hand. The streets are decorated with multi color lamps, big colorful posters with the pictures of H.M. The King. Costumes and masks are carefully designed and vehicles are decorated with Bahrain’s flags. Flags and streamers are hung and placed all over Bahrain. Buildings are decorated. Drum bands rehearse. Students at school rehearse as well for the big day.
The event lasts for 2 days and is a glorious feast of music and color. The procession of the day followed by dancers and bands in original Arab costumes parades, and the spectators’ cheers fill the cold air. At night, people rush to Isa Town stadium to watch the firework displays. They are watched in many areas, too. They add to the beauty of the celebration. Several channels transmit the celebration live to enable people at home to watch the festival as well.
The festival is a carefree holiday to the majority of people on the island. Thousands of people watch the festival. It’s a day to remember.
c. The national day
The most colorful festival in Bahrain is the national day. It is held all over Bahrain each year on the 16th of December. It marks the independence of Bahrain in 1971.
Preparations begin two weeks before hand. Traditions costumes are carefully designed and some vehicles are decorated with Bahrain’s flag. Streets and houses are decorated with bright lights, streamers and big posters with pictures of the royal family. Steel and drum bans rehearse. Student at the school rehearse for the big festival. The whole country looks wonderful before that day.
The celebrations last for three days. It is a wonderful feast of joy and happiness. On the first day H.H the emir addresses the nation. Later on, many people head for the emirs palace to congratulate him on this occasion.
In the afternoon people start gathering near the nation stadium in Isa town where the procession begins. Boys and girls put on their best clothes. Sword dancers in original Arab costumes perform in front of people. Several channels transmit the celebration live.
On the second and third day the celebration continues. There are fireworks and traditional singing and dancing. Thousand of people take part in the celebration – Bahraini’s and none Bahraini’s – the whole festival is a carefree holiday. And a great time to remember.
Every year my family and I watch this festival. We always have a great time. The national day is the happiest time in Bahrain
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d. The wedding day
Weddings are very special occasions in almost every country. In Bahrain wedding ceremonies are happy times to all – families, friends and neighbors.
Preparations for the wedding start well beforehand. Relatives and friends of the couple take part in the preparations. If the wedding party is held in the groom’s house, the house is decorated with colorful lights. Sometimes a tent is put up near the house so that women can celebrate away from men. A special meal is prepared for the guests. Sometimes wedding parties are held in hotels, matams or special halls. Generally a lot of preparations are made before the wedding.
On the wedding day the guests don’t arrive before evenings. However, the day starts early for the couple and their close friends. The bride either goes to the hairdresser or summons a lady hairdresser to come to her. Her best friends help her to get dressed and get ready for the wedding. The bright groom does the same. He has to wear a special cloak called “Beshet”. He goes to the place where the wedding is to be held early and waits for the guests to arrive. Guests congratulate the groom and his family then they are invited to have a meal. There are no dancing or singing in the groom’s party. However women and girls sing to the bride and may even dance. The atmosphere in the party is that of happiness and enjoyment.
In the end the bride goes to live with her groom in his place, with little of tears because of leaving her family and home. However, with time she gets on with this situation and both of them, the groom and the bride, go on their honeymoon.
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e. Weddings
Weddings are very happy occasions all over the world. In Bahrain, weddings are celebrated in different ways. However, I will write about the common features.
Preparations for the wedding usually take place two weeks beforehand. The bridegrooms and the bride’s families decorate their houses and invite relatives and friends to this special occasion. Relatives and friends of the couple often take part in the preparations. Some take care of decorating the place where the wedding will be held. Others prepare a special meal on the wedding day. Sometimes, the meal is ordered from restaurants and bakeries.
On the wedding day, the brides close friends help her get ready by putting Henna and make up and wearing special wedding clothes for this special occasion. Sometimes, a women hairdresser is called to help the bride with make up. The same happens to the bridegroom. There are two separate parties for men and women. The bridegroom puts on a traditional ((Bisht)) and receives the guests who come to congratulate him and his family. The guests are offered sweets and coffee before they are invited to have the meal. In the brides’ party, women and girls sing and dance to the bride. However, men cannot see this because it is held in a closed place or in a special tent.
When the party is over, the couples go to their new house or go to the hotel. On the following day, special meal called ((Halwa)) is served in the morning for the guests who come to congratulate the bridegroom, the bride and their families. The honeymoon usually starts the next day.
Of course, recently great changes have taken place in this tradition.