منتديات مملكة البحرين - ابغي بحث ظروري

ولد الذوادي 17

15-03-2007, 12:56 PM

تفضلي اختي هذي البحث عن الانترنيت في ليبيا

انشالله يعجبك

1-INTRODUCTION :

The roots of the methodology of computing in Libya in 1972 when the Ministry of Civil Service then sending more than two hundred students to the United States of America-first patch-to study the computerization and specialization in preparation for the establishment of the mechanization of administration (e-government), but the project was discontinued for one reason or another.

In the eighties of the 20th century, the computer to work on some large enterprises such as the National Electricity banks and some of the various institutions, and some colleges participated in Libyan universities to specialize in computing, such as science and engineering faculties ... Etc.. Taking the matter aside more sophisticated in terms of the introduction of the state of computerization within the framework of the Vocational Education and Training.

With the year 1994 came the personal computer Personal Computer PC in the unusual business in Libya to take a stance in the commercial market subject to supply and demand criteria. Exchange rates were solid hardware high given the economic situation caused by the Lockerbie case - one of the forms of American and Western hostility since the 200th continuous year-on the Libyan economy and the collapse of the dinar against the dollar, as the dollar rate of exchange in trade to almost four dinars on the parallel market at that time, the event that the normal price in the banking market-At its best, is (= $ 31, 6-0 dinars). Despite these negative repercussions on the Libyan economy, it was not to isolate the Libyan citizen awareness on the importance of computing emerged undeclared stock of computers - including the portable computer market trading location Laptop computer. Two-computer market (the spirit of competition) solid pieces : sparked Stock Exchange undeclared of computers spirit of competition among traders on the exchange solid hardware result of the high proportion of young Libyans institutes computing in the 1990s. They share the credit institutes in existence at the state level, each of the training institution of the State and the private sector. It has formed solid pieces a big market rates subject to supply and demand, taking into account the low level of the value of the dinar as a result of the international crisis flared in the west, which has greatly hurt the Libyan economy. On one hand the market is measured at the level of the dinar On the other hand, there was flammable in solid pieces will, and on the third there is high demand computing Kariya future of the Libyan citizen. This is what makes the issue of scarcity in return for development of the topics that have been subject to the Libyan market estimates. The question (Is withstand the supply and demand movement at the international situation had artificially created by the Western countries against Libya?).

Non-corporate revitalization of the global market Libyan trade in the field of software because of the adoption of Western countries and some Arab countries, a hostile position, and its exploitative in the Lockerbie case. - Lack of clarity of vision for the Intellectual Property Law promulgated in 1968. The law in force is traditionally not legally viable defense of intellectual property rights divide, in addition to the lack of - or almost-no judicial applications of the law. 4-Education and training : the best trained elements become computing in the 1990s : Those that gained computer skills from abroad and producers who had been a resident for long periods abroad of the Libyans, and the elements which had been graduated from public educational institutions of computing and, in particular, the Higher Institute of technique in Beni Walid (south-west of Tripoli). Next to these amateurs who spread Adrko computing and digital through self-education and the private sector, and these represent a large segment of the Libyans, who have been involved in computing to fill the vacuum, or as a substitute for computing alternatives in the labor market, are no less skilled category of Darcy computing, especially in their approach to work everyday computing, such as word processing software Word Processing Design and determination ... etc. in addition to programming in various languages and was for commercial purposes. Five-Internet and Internet users : developments at the computing and the proliferation of uses realized Libyans Internet, in time spread in the Arab world, and that with the year 1997 / 1998 / 1999 - that is, after the spread of the Internet and the World Wide Web five years ago - that was in the time of printing expanded users in the system of internal networks such as a prelude to the Intranet understanding the Internet itself. At the end of 1997 the Census Internet users in Libya, not to exceed cent people mostly in the economic and political institutions in the State, but that did not make the event absent on the national level, the individual citizen or in Libya were waiting for the development of the communications network (old), which was not able to carry the Internet to public of people. , Which strove State is still, in 2000 amounted to Internet users ten thousand people. With the development of communications network to absorb sophisticated communications and the Internet has spread information technology prevalent nationally in Libya to use census-up, according to some consensus-in 2004 to one sixth of the population (number of Libya's population of about six million people), a high percentage compared to some other Arab countries in terms of percentage The proportionality.

6-political initiative of the State and the spread of the Internet : The motive for the proliferation of the Internet is a political decision of the State by Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi in a speech Millennium (Eid revolution in the first September 2000 in the city of Benghazi), when the Internet thing for the young Libyan. The spread-the impact of this speech - a new phenomenon-a phenomenon Jeddah Internet cafes Cyber café, which is the best variation of the phenomenon of the Internet, which are taken by young people Libyan mainly for training on the Internet and how to acquire the skills, to develop the case for the inclusion of groups of men, women and children and adolescents and the elderly. Today does not object to any of the people in the communities to go to Internet cafes to browse or access to electronic correspondence through their participation in the e-mail Email and chat rooms through discussion and chat programs available via the Internet. 7-price Internet : when the Internet began in Libya in 1997 / 1998 were priced at ranging between ten dinars to reach, in some cases, to the 20th ID, but that the case did not last very long, with the establishment of a company to Libya for Communications, headed by Mohamed Muammar Gaddafi has been the implementation of Internet access to public before the company mentioned in the September 1, 1999, where the first signs of this is to reduce the price of Internet cafes to arrive at the rate of 2004 dinars to one amid speculation large to continue to reduce the price in order to free. As for the participation of the system Dial up is the 30th dinars a month instead of forty-five dinars per month, and that started from April 15, 2003, with the increasing interest in expanding networks to reduce the price mentioned. And sing it to say that the price to participate in the ad hoc Line Lease Line relatively high. And, of course, calculated told .. Libya so far it has not entered the United States that receives financial assistance in the field of information technology from Western countries, especially the United States of America, the latter prepared assistance programs for the Arab States and the Middle East was not clear profile and was well received by the States mentioned, it has not been targeted aid except that (Israel) the software development is the direct conversation Chat Premiles by a company (the famous ICQ chat program) is a company that was sold to a company headed by a member of the CIA's AOL (Steve Case) has been sold by the company in the past year to the company Warner. 8-informatics in Libya : information on the level of Libya, such as the other Arab countries have not kept pace with the event enlightening manner required, it still at the stage of reluctance to enter the computer through the Internet and building the information society, and that caused the need for studies to help reduce losses resulting from the necessary equation data flow (the Alasterdadih forwarded + technology communications + skilled labor + = developments in the evolution of loss is accompanied by necessary if one of the elements of the equation, but it is calculated to its citizens to support individual initiatives in the digital Arab deserved, in the beginning of 1997 came into existence Arab law www.alenc.com (http://www.alenc.com/) prepared its encyclopaedic late Professor Muhammad Abu Bakr Bin Younis's Guinness Arab legislation, and were carried out by his son, Adel Mohammed Bin Yunis, and echoed by the League of Arab States under resolutions of the Council of Arab Ministers of Justice.

9-recommendations : Like any Arab country developments, the use of the Internet and digital in Libya is not on the level of the event as a global phenomenon overlapped with the requirements of rights in the contemporary world to become a truly digital humanly entered the field of human rights very strongly in what is known as a doctrine on the virtual world commerce; a group of human rights across the Internet. Therefore, the recommendations in this report take the nature of the recommendations that require all Arab states, and Libya is an example here of the Arab States : 1-support communications systems to cope with the global event of the Internet. What it needed was the communication sector financial support and advisory body developed by the global experience preferred to be an American or Canadian, and the superiority of the United States of America share here, except in national law interpretations The American Patriot Act passed after the September 11th (of 26 / 10 / 2001, which are multi criticism of the supporters of freedoms. Such a step will necessarily lead to the development of a relatively clear for the future of information technology in Libya. two-opening total investment in the area of the Internet market in Libya, provided that the target of this opening of Libya to the global market of the Internet, moving to Libya from a range of imported technology backward to the ranks of the advanced countries in this field. and to help implement this recommendation demographic use of the Internet in Libya, which up to 1 million people in some of the statistics with the possibility of an increase indicated by the increased intensity of the networks carried out by the company for Libya's contacts. Such a positive trend contributed in one way or another in the development movement attracting foreign investments, especially amid speculation that the mechanization of the management in the context of the electronic exchange of goods among Arab countries. 3-state behavior of the Libyan approach, the federal government policy in relation to the renewal of the American initiative mechanization administration in Libya and education via the Internet, as is required under the political and cultural movement and education in the country. since it must be those two editions of the Libyan institutions zone. 4-developed intellectual property systems Jamahiriya to cope with the international development including support TRIPS TRIPS criterion for the defense of copyright. In this development opening the door to competition and development in the systems software industry and linked to international protection, including eventually lead to the start thinking in the legal system of the Internet. 5-a political declaration supporting the position of the Libyan towards openness on the Internet, thereby providing open scientific and research support for studies that are on the Internet and what emerges from the nodes, such as the rights and obligations of electronic variants. Such a declaration would divert principle (Internet elite), which is suffering from Arab and African states for transmittal to the principle (of all Internet) then this declaration is a political declaration to defend the rights of the citizen Libyan commerce. with the consequent polarization of the drain to foreign market for Libya. 6-interest in the development of software to support the economy and revitalize the work of enterprises producing operating systems for the global order entering the Libyan market directly without mediation. 7-interest crime via the Internet in response to the developments in the criminal justice and using American ideology in this regard. 10-Conclusion : Caused by the developments of information technology in Libya have not yet lived up to the level of the developed countries, but that the steps taken by the company to Libya for communications-even now-augured soon reach b .. Libya to the level of the developed countries amid speculation superiority to all Arab countries in this area. The choice of Libya to represent the African region at the World Summit of information community Geneva in 2003 was attributed to developments in Libya, world attention to the issue of fraud Cyberspace. We hope that the role of Libya more positive at the World Summit of information community second to be held in Tunisia in November 2005. by providing strategic vision can be implemented depends on the characteristics of the developments in the United States and Canada as the two countries most advanced in the area of the Internet.